The Ultimate Guide to Telling Time in Japanese
Before learning to tell time in Japanese, it is good to have your Japanese numbers memorized.
Number | Kanji | Romaji |
---|---|---|
1 | 一 | Ichi |
2 | ニ | Ni |
3 | 三 | San |
4 | 四 | Yon |
5 | 五 | Go |
6 | 六 | Roku |
7 | 七 | Shichi or Nana |
8 | 八 | Hachi |
9 | 九 | Kyū |
10 | 十 | Jū |
Numbers 11 through 19 are written as 十 + number. For example, 12 is 十ニ (Jū-ni).
Numbers 20 through 99 have the multiple of ten placed before 十. For example, 20 is ニ十 (Ni-jū).
Zero in Japanese can be written as 零 (rei) or ゼロ (zero).
Hours
Time in Japanese is 時間 (jikan). This kanji is also used to describe the duration of hours. To describe a certain amount of hours, the kanji 時間 is placed after the number. For example, 5 hours in Japanese is 5時間 or 五時間.
When telling time, the hour is represented by 時 (ji). The kanji is placed after the number, and roughly translates to “o’clock.”
Time | Kanji | Romaji |
---|---|---|
1 o’clock | 1時 or 一時 | Ichi-ji |
2 o’clock | 2時 or 二時 | Ni-ji |
3 o’clock | 3時 or 三時 | San-ji |
4 o’clock | 4時 or 四時 | Yo-ji |
5 o’clock | 5時 or 五時 | Go-ji |
6 o’clock | 6時 or 六時 | Roku-ji |
7 o’clock | 7時 or 七時 | Shichi-ji |
8 o’clock | 8時 or 八時 | Hachi-ji |
9 o’clock | 9時 or 九時 | Ku-ji |
10 o’clock | 10時 or 十時 | Jū-ji |
11 o’clock | 11時 or 十一時 | Jū-ichi-ji |
12 o’clock | 12時 or 十二時 | Jū-ni-ji |
13:00 | 13時 or 十三時 | Jū-san-ji |
14:00 | 14時 or 十四時 | Jū-yo-ji |
15:00 | 15時 or 十五時 | Jū-go-ji |
16:00 | 16時 or 十六時 | Jū-roku-ji |
17:00 | 17時 or 十七時 | Jū-shichi-ji |
18:00 | 18時 or 十八時 | Jū-hachi-ji |
19:00 | 19時 or 十九時 | Jū-ku-ji |
20:00 | 20時 or 二十時 | Ni-jū-ji |
21:00 | 21時 or 二十一時 | Ni-jū-ichi-ji |
22:00 | 22時 or 二十ニ時 | Ni-jū-ni-ji |
23:00 | 23時 or 二十三時 | Ni-jū-san-ji |
Japan uses both 24-hour and 12-hour formats, depending on the situation. The 12-hour format is common in conversation. The 24-hour format is more common when written down, like a store’s business hours or train schedules. When using the 12-hour format, A.M and P.M. can be used to differentiate between day and night, but they are optional.
A.M. in Japanese is 午前 (gozen). P.M. is 午後 (gogo). These are placed before the hour. For example, 3 A.M. is 午前3時.
Minutes
Minutes in Japanese are represented by the kanji 分. It is pronounced either ぷん (pun) or ふん (fun) depending on the number that precedes it.
Time | Kanji | Romaji |
---|---|---|
1 minute | 1分 or 一分 | Ippun |
2 minutes | 2分 or 二分 | Nifun |
3 minutes | 3分 or 三分 | Sanpun |
4 minutes | 4分 or 四分 | Yonfun |
5 minutes | 5分 or 五分 | Gofun |
6 minutes | 6分 or 六分 | Roppun |
7 minutes | 7分 or 七分 | Nanafun |
8 minutes | 8分 or 八分 | Happun |
9 minutes | 9分 or 九分 | Kyūfun |
10 minutes | 10分 or 十分 | Juppun |
Note that some numbers remain regular while others are shortened or become irregular.
30 minutes is 30分 or 三十分. However, 半 (han) means “half past” and can be used when telling time.
Seconds
Seconds in Japanese are represented by 秒 (byō). Like with hours and minutes, this kanji is placed after the number it describes.
Time | Kanji | Romaji |
---|---|---|
1 second | 1秒 or 一秒 | Ichi-byō |
2 seconds | 2秒 or 二秒 | Ni-byō |
3 seconds | 3秒 or 三秒 | San-byō |
4 seconds | 4秒 or 四秒 | Yon-byō |
5 seconds | 5秒 or 五秒 | Go-byō |
6 seconds | 6秒 or 六秒 | Roku-byō |
7 seconds | 7秒 or 七秒 | Nana-byō |
8 seconds | 8秒 or 八秒 | Hachi-byō |
9 seconds | 9秒 or 九秒 | Kyū-byō |
10 seconds | 10秒 or 十秒 | Jū-byō |
30 seconds | 30秒 or 三十秒 | San-jū-byō |
59 seconds | 59秒 or 五十九秒 | Go-jū-kyū-byō |
60 seconds | 60秒 or 六十秒 | Roku-jū-byō |
Additional Words to Know
Around: 頃 (Goro)
About: 約 (Yaku)
At: に (Ni)
Before: 前 (Mae)
After: 後 (Ato)
Sharp: ちょうど (Chōdo)
Now: 今 (Ima)
From/Until: から (Kara)
Time Related Questions
What time is it now? 今何時ですか? (Ima nan-ji desu ka?)
What time? 何時?(Nan-ji?)
How many hours? 何時間? (Nan-jikan?)
How many minutes? 何分? (Nan-pun?)
How many seconds? 何秒? (Nan-byō?)
What time is X? Xは 何時 ですか?(X wa nan-ji desu ka?)
How long does it take? どのくらい 掛 かりますか?(Dono kurai kakarimasu ka?)
Examples
今何時 ですか?
Ima nan-ji desu ka?
What time is it now?
1時15分です。
Ichi-ji Jū-gofun desu.
It is 1:15.
授業 は 八時 から 始 まるから。
Jugyō wa hachi-ji kara hajimarukara.
Class doesn't begin until eight o’clock.
祭 りは 何時 ですか?
Matsuri wa nan-ji desu ka?
What time is the festival?
7時頃。
Nana-ji goro.
Around 7 o’clock.
どのくらい 掛 かりますか?
Dono kurai kakarimasu ka?
How long does it take?
やく 10分 です。
Yaku juppun desu.
About 10 minutes
私 は 30秒 の 差 で 電車 に 乗 り 遅 れた!
Watashi wa san-jū-byō no sa de densha ni noriokureta!
I missed the train by 30 seconds!
映画 は 9時 に 始 まりました。
Eiga wa ku-ji ni hajimarimashita.
The movie started at 9 o’clock.