渋

congestion (e.g. traffic), delay, stagnation

to hesitate, to hold back, to balk, to falter, to be reluctant, to be unwilling, to begrudge, to have loose painful bowel movement, to suffer from tenesmus

astringent, bitter, puckery, rough, harsh, tart, austere, elegant (and unobtrusive), refined, quiet (and simple), sober, sombre, subdued, tasteful (in a quiet way), understated, sour (look), glum, grim, sullen, sulky, stingy, tight-fisted

bitterness, mortification, difficulty in understanding, distress, affliction

astringent (puckery) juice (of unripe persimmons)

reluctantly, unwillingly

reluctantly, unwillingly

to hold up, to be steady

to grudge, to be stingy, to be unwilling to pay

retardation